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Organic milk has been found to have higher concentrations of nutritional minerals and antioxidants – like iron, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids – than non-organic milk. Foods that are high in antioxidants – like organic milk – help our bodies fight against free radicals that can cause oxidative damage in our cells that can contribute to coronary diseases and some cancers.
Using antibiotics in agriculture can lead to antibiotic-resistant infections in animals that can be passed to humans. Many classes of antibiotics that are used in the human health system such as penicillin are also used in livestock production. If bacteria in livestock become resistant to the same antibiotics that we would use to fight them, we have little to no defense against many bacterial infections. Antibiotics residues were found in 60% of conventional milk samples. Two of the antibiotics found are illegal for use in agriculture.
While growth hormones are naturally produced by animals, the use of synthetic growth hormones has gained popularity in conventional dairy operations because they promote the production of milk. These hormones make their way into the milk we drink and can lead to changes in endocrine function which can affect our growth, brain development and reproductive capabilities. This study found that bovine growth hormone (bGH) residue levels were found to be 20 times higher in conventional milk than organic.
This study found residues from a number of controversial pesticides in conventional milk samples, while the organic samples tested clean. Here's a rundown of what was found:
Sulfonamides are antibiotics that have been prohibited for use in lactating dairy cows since the 1990’s (with the exception of approved use of sulfadimethoxine, sulfabromomethazine, and sulfaethoxypyridazine. Sulfonamides work systemically, which means that once taken, they distribute throughout all body tissues.
Because the overuse of antibiotics can increase resistance to those antibiotics and make them less effective for both humans and animals, the FDA has set limits on detectable levels of antibiotics in food. In this study, antibiotics were not found in organic samples, but were detected in 60% of conventional milk samples. Specifically, amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfathiazole were all detected in conventional milk.
While there is no federal limit set for cow-derived hormones in milk, this study found levels of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) to be 20 times higher in conventional milk than organic. The study said that since growth hormones are produced naturally by dairy cattle, some level of bGH can be expected in all milk samples. The dramatically higher residues found in conventional milk “suggests that the difference reflects the use of synthetic growth hormones” in conventional dairy, according to the study.
The results found no residues of commonly-used pesticides in any of the organic milk samples, but residues in up to 60 percent of the conventional samples.
Sulfathiazole is a synthetic antibiotic that is prohibited from use in lactating dairy cows, and has a detection tolerance limit of zero in milk.
Sulfamethazine is a synthetic antibiotic with carcinogenic properties and adverse effects including allergic reactions. Sulfamethazine quickly distributes to milk in cows treated with it, so it is prohibited from use in lactating dairy cows, and has a detection tolerance limit of zero in milk to be consumed by humans.